© Олеся Сугралимова, 2024
ISBN 978-5-0064-8624-9
Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero
Повелительное наклонение. Imperative
Словарь для работы с письмом:
compare with – сравнивать с
requirement – требования
applicable – применимый
require – требовать
to be measured – необходимо измерить
misinterpretation – неверное толкование
to be prohibited – быть под запретом, быть запрещенным
Вставьте слова в пропуски:
– A mistake or …………….. could cause a conflict.
– Passengers …………………. to be in the engine room.
– I …………… the old cylinder head……. the new one.
– Some mechanisms ………….. water for cooling.
– The level of oil is ………………… by an engineer.
– There is a strict ………………. for all engineers about their clothing.
– We also provide online support when it is …………………… and required.
Read text for ONE minute and choose:
What is the text about?
– Condition of lubricity
– Oil doesn’t meet requirements.
Read text for THREE minutes and answer the questions.
What were the results compared with? Which lubricity is applicable to clear and bright distilled fuels?
Subject: Specification Met
Dear Customer,
Please find the attached Analysis Report for H…..
Specification
– — – — – — – —
Results were compared with ISO 8217:2010 specification DMA, table 1 and annex A. Based on this sample and the tested parameters the specification is met.
For this specification a lubricity requirement of max. 520 µm is applicable to clear and bright distillate fuels with a sulfur content below 0.05 mass %. Please inform us if you require lubricity to be measured.
Operational
– — – — – — —
No comments given
The reports can also be viewed on the data access page at …………
For assistance or further information on this report contact your nearest VPS office or use the contact details as given in the report.
Best Regards,
On behalf of
Asst. Technical Support Engineer
Reference to part (s) of this report which may lead to misinterpretation is prohibited
Work with the text.
Look at the words, which are in bold and answer questions.
Are they verbs or nouns?
Are they about the past or present?
Are they instructions?
From the text is it obvious who these words refer to?
When we see the verbs, which are in present tense, which gives instructions and these instructions refer to nobody, we see imperative.
To make imperative we need a verb without to, for example:
Control
Check
Pay attention to
Stop
Produce
Put the words in the correct gaps:
Pay attention to Stop Control Produce Check
1. ……. the boiler immediately
2. …………… the inspection of the boiler under steam.
3. …………… signs characterizing overheating of the boiler elements.
4. …………….the pressure in the boiler.
5. …………….. the absence of knocks, noise, vibration
Now think how you can use these instructions in your work. Write your ideas down.
Check…………………………………
Control ………………………………
Pay attention to……………………..
Produce …………………………….
Stop ……………………………….
Самый простой способ объяснить, что тут происходит, это поговорить про окно.
«Закрой окно», «Закройте окно», «Откройте окно». Мы даем инструкцию или команду. Кому мы ее даем? Вообще не важно. Вот и в самой конструкции это не отражается. Даже в русском не отражается. Держим в голове, что время настоящее.
Теперь переводим то, что в кавычках, получаем: «Close window», «Close window», «Open window». Обратите внимание, что глагол «close» не меняется вообще никак и неважно к какому количеству людей мы обращаемся.
А если нам надо сказать, что «не закрывай окно», «не закрывайте окно», то мы вспомним, что время настоящее. Зачем это помнить? «Не» в английском не может быть сам по себе, «не» всегда прикрепляется к какому-то глаголу, желательно не тому, который мы переводим на русский. А переводим мы глагол «закрывать», значит к нему «не» нельзя прилепить. А куда тогда? К «do». «Do» помогает крепить «не» в настоящем времени. Получается «Don’t (Do not) close the window». «Don’t» никогда не будет изменяться. Хотим сказать «не» в командах и инструкциях, всегда говорим «Don’t».
Вставьте слова в пропуски.
Avoid Replace Repair Don’t forget Don’t approach
………………the auxiliary engine asap (as soon as possible)
……………… this part of the steam pipe, because it can’t be fixed.
………………. to any moving parts.
………………. any moving parts.
………………. to check the level of water every watch.
Придумайте свои примеры команд или инструкций с этими словами:
– Replace……………………………………………………………………………..
– Avoid…………………………………………………………………………………
– Don’t approach…………………………………………………………………….
– Don’t forget…………………………………………………………………………
– Repair……………………………………………………………………………….
Герундий. Gerund
Слова для работы с письмом:
booking – бронирование
As – поскольку (в данном письме)
revert with – представить, предоставить
update – обновить
ETD – estimated/expected time of departure – установленное (ожидаемое) время выхода из порта
might – может
– We will …… additional information in the email.
– …….. tickets online is more comfortable than in the ticket office.
– ….. I noticed some problems I must write them in my report.
– It ……. be dangerous to not wear safety shoes.
– The programme automatically………..
– What is the latest …… of the vessel?
Read the text for ONE minute and choose the best heading:
1.Crew details
2.Company details
Read the text for THREE minutes and choose the best heading:
Who will be booked for the last day?
What is to do with a vessel’s ETD?
From:
Sent: Tuesday, September 30
To:
Subject:
Good day Captain,
Please revert with the most suitable dates for joining/ leaving Crew for flight booking.
As the vessel might expect some inspection, leaving Officers will be booked for the last day. Please update the vessel’s ETD.
Kind Regards,
Olesia Sugralimova
Look at the words in bold.
1.Do they have tenses (For example: the Present Simple or the Past Continuous, etc.)?
2.Are they verbs?
3.Are they actions?
Look at their structure: join+ing, leave + ing, book+ing.
To form them we need:
verb + ing.
This structure is called gerund.
Look at these structures from the letter:
for joining/leaving
for flight booking
We use gerund form after prepositions.
for joining /leaving
for flight booking
Think of your own examples for gerund. Write sentences with:
There is/ There are
Слова для работы с письмом:
suitable reconditioned cylinder head – подходящая отремонтированная (восстановленная) головка цилиндра
unpredictable customs – непредсказуемая таможня
not possible – невозможно
further schedule – дальнейший график, дальнейшее расписание
old defective head – старая дефективная головка (цилиндра)
Вставьте слова в пропуски:
– It is ……….. …………… to fix these parts of the auxiliary engine.
– We are lucky! We have a………….. …………. of inspections.
– ……………… ……………… are the problem in this area, but the port state control is OK to pass.
– We need to replace the ……………… ……………….. …………. with the new one.
– It is not possible to repair the cylinder head, so we need to replace it with the……………… ………………… ………………….. …………….
Read a letter for ONE minute and answer the question.
What Is this letter about?
– delivering a cylinder head?
– repairing a cylinder head?
Read letter for THREE minutes and answer the questions:
1.How much time do they have for delivering?
2. What is the problem with the customs?
3. What was the problem with the old cylinder head?
From:
Sent: Tuesday, December 10, 20…
To:
Dear Captain, Chief,
Thank you for the information, we received it. There is a suitable reconditioned cylinder head in our office, but there is too little time to deliver to Panama and Guayaquil is not an option. There are unpredictable customs, as you may know, and delivery to this area is practically impossible. Do you have any further schedule after Guayaquil? Does the old defective head leak after repairment?
Best regards,
Fleet Superintendent
Look at the structures in bold and answer the questions:
– Are they about the presence of something (someone) in specific places?
– Are they in the past or in the present?
– Are they singular or plural?
We use structures there is/ there are + singular noun/ plural noun when we talk about the presence of something or someone in particular places in the present time.
Choose the correct option:
– we use: there is/are + singular noun
– For plural we use: there is/are + plural noun
Put is or are in the gaps:
– There ….. an oil spill along our coastline.
– There ….. the crosshead bearings for the auxiliary diesel generator in the application.
– There …. a problem with the choice of material for hull structures repairing.
– There ….. hoses on the deck.
– There ….. cracks on the internal side of the cylinder.
Try to think of your own examples with these structures:
– There is a problem with…………………………………………………………………………………………
– There are cracks ………………………………………………………………………….
– There are hoses…………………………………………………………………………..
– There is…………………………………………………………………………………….
– There are…………………………………………………………………………………..
Write about 5 things in your cabin. The first one is given as an example.
– There is a small bed and a toilet in my cabin.
– ………………………………………………………………………………
– ………………………………………………………………………………
– ……………………………………………………………………………..
– ………………………………………………………………………………..
Мы используем there is/ there are, когда говорим что кто-то или что-то где-то находятся. Точнее, находятся понятно где. Понятно из самого предложения. Находятся сейчас.
There is the Chief engineer in the engine room.
There are two engineers in the engine room.
Понятно, что все эти люди находятся в engine room. Из самого предложения понятно.
Если кто-то один или что-то одно, то используем конструкцию there is.
There is the Chief Engineer in the engine room.
Если чего-то или кого-то два и больше, то используем конструкцию there are.
There are two engineers in the engine room.
Вставьте is или are в пропуски:
1.There ….. corrosion above the waterline.
2.There …… fenders along the hull.
3.There …… cracks on the anchor.
4.There ……. coatings of paint on the hull.
5.There ……. a flexible nylon in lines and nets.
Теперь потренируемся говорить «нет”с этими конструкциями. «Нет» в английском всегда крепится к глаголу. В этих конструкциях глагол is/are. Значит «нет» будет крепиться к is/are.
There is not
или сокращенная форма
There isn’t
There are not
Или сокращенная форма
There aren’t
Сделайте предложения отрицательными. Возможно использовать как полную, так и краткую форму отрицания. Первое дано как пример.
1.There is corrosion above the waterline. – There isn’t corrosion above the waterline.
2.There are fenders along the hull. – ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3.There are cracks on the anchor.-…
4.There are coatings of paint on the hull.-…
5.There is a flexible nylon in lines and nets. -…
Ну и вопрос давайте поучимся задавать. Когда задаем вопрос с этими конструкциями, вначале всегда ставим глагол is/are.
Задайте вопросы по образцу. Первое использовать как образец:
1.There is corrosion above the waterline. – Is there corrosion above the waterline?
2.There are fenders along the hull.– ……………………………………………………………….?
3.There are cracks on the anchor. – ………………………………………………………………?